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The 'paradox of the shrinking middle'
 — the central dilemma of European social policy
Author(s)Patricia Frericks, Mark Harvey, Robert Maier
Journal titleCritical Social Policy, vol 30, no 3, issue 104, August 2010
Pagespp 315-336
Sourcehttp://csp.sagepub.com doi: 10.1177/0261018310367671
KeywordsAgeing process ; Retirement ; Social policy ; European Union ; Europe.
AnnotationLife-course studies show that life courses have changed in several systematic ways. Because people now spend more years in education, participation in the labour market tends to start later. More time is spent in lifelong learning in the middle phase, in addition to work and care activities. Following decades during which the effective retirement age declined, the effective retirement age has now increased slightly, and life expectancy continues to rise. These interlocking changes bring about the 'paradox of the (proportionately) shrinking middle'. Social policy, with its objectives of social security, care, education and social cohesion, has been financed primarily through the wage, confined to the 'shrinking middle' phase of employment. The authors' thesis is that neither the established channels of resource flows nor the magnitude of resources are sufficiently well attuned to the challenges of existing life courses in present-day capitalist welfare states. (KJ/RH).
Accession NumberCPA-100915212 A
ClassmarkBG: G3: TM2: WFC: 74

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